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  1. Collider-quality electron bunches from an all-optical plasma photoinjector

    Jain, Arohi ; Yan, Jiayang ; Pierce, Jacob R. ; ... - Physical Review Research
    We present an approach for generating collider-quality electron bunches using a plasma photoinjector. The approach leverages recently developed techniques for the spatiotemporal control of laser pulses to produce a moving ionization front in a nonlinear plasma wave. The moving ionization front generates an electron bunch with a current profile that balances the longitudinal electric field of an electron beam-driven plasma wave, creating a uniform accelerating field across the bunch. Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations of the ionization stage show the formation of an electron bunch with 220 pC charge and low emittance (ɛ𝑥 = 171 nm rad, ɛ𝑦 = 76 nm rad).more » Quasistatic PIC simulations of the acceleration stage show that the bunch is efficiently accelerated to 24 GeV over 2 m with a final energy spread of less than 1% and emittances of ɛ𝑥 = 189 nm rad and ɛ𝑦 = 80 nm rad. This high-quality electron bunch meets the requirements outlined by the Snowmass process for intermediate-energy colliders and compares favorably to the beam quality of proposed and existing accelerator facilities. The results establish the feasibility of plasma photoinjectors for future collider applications making a significant step toward the realization of high-luminosity, compact accelerators for particle physics research.« less

  2. Characterization of Cs3Sb photocathodes at cryogenic temperatures

    Owusu, Peter Prah ; Mama, Jo ; Idso, Truman ; ... - Applied Physics Letters
    Here, we report measurements of quantum efficiency (QE) and mean transverse energy (MTE) from Cs3Sb photocathodes in a wide range of photon energies at both room and cryogenic temperatures. Our measurements show a strong temperature dependence of MTE even at photon energies well above threshold, indicating the presence of strong inelastic scattering of excited electrons during transport before emission into vacuum. We also demonstrate a cathode cooling method that largely preserves the QE while reducing MTE, allowing us to achieve MTEs as low as 58 meV with 3% QE in green light from Cs3Sb photocathodes. Our results are crucial formore » producing brighter electron beams for various photoinjector applications like ultrafast electron diffraction and microscopy, x-ray free-electron lasers, and particle colliders.« less

  3. Smart pixel sensors: towards on-sensor filtering of pixel clusters with deep learning

    Yoo, Jieun ; Dickinson, Jennet ; Swartz, Morris ; ... - Machine Learning: Science and Technology
    Highly granular pixel detectors allow for increasingly precise measurements of charged particle tracks. Next-generation detectors require that pixel sizes will be further reduced, leading to unprecedented data rates exceeding those foreseen at the High- Luminosity Large Hadron Collider. Signal processing that handles data incoming at a rate of $$\mathcal{O}$$(40 MHz) and intelligently reduces the data within the pixelated region of the detector at rate will enhance physics performance at high luminosity and enable physics analyses that are not currently possible. Using the shape of charge clusters deposited in an array of small pixels, the physical properties of the traversing particlemore » can be extracted with locally customized neural networks. In this first demonstration, we present a neural network that can be embedded into the on-sensor readout and filter out hits from low momentum tracks, reducing the detector's data volume by 57.1%–75.7%. The network is designed and simulated as a custom readout integrated circuit with 28 nm CMOS technology and is expected to operate at less than 300 μW with an area of less than 0.2 mm2. The temporal development of charge clusters is investigated to demonstrate possible future performance gains, and there is also a discussion of future algorithmic and technological improvements that could enhance efficiency, data reduction, and power per area.« less

  4. High-intensity polarized electron gun featuring distributed Bragg reflector GaAs photocathode

    Wang, Erdong ; Rahman, Omer ; Biswas, Jyoti ; ... - Applied Physics Letters
    The polarized electron source is a critical component in accelerator facilities such as the electron–ion collider, which requires a polarized electron gun with higher voltage and higher bunch charge than existing sources. One challenge we faced was the surface charge limit of the distributed Bragg reflector GaAs/GaAsP superlattice (DBR-SL-GaAs) photocathode. We suppressed this effect by optimizing the surface doping and heat cleaning procedures. We achieved up to 11.6 nC bunch charge of polarized electron beam. In this report, we discuss the performance of tests of a DBR-SL-GaAs photocathode in the high voltage direct current gun. Possible reasons for the observedmore » peak quantum efficiency wavelength shift are analyzed, and we addressed it by using a wavelength tunable laser. In addition, the impact of the DBR layer and laser on the lifetime is investigated in this paper. The optimal DBR-SL-GaAs operating zone has been proposed, which gave us a long lifetime and high polarization at 30 μA operation. Finally, the success of this polarized gun will be key to the future of the nuclear sciences.« less

  5. Future high energy colliders and options for the U.S.

    Bhat, P. C. ; Jindariani, S. ; Ambrosio, G. ; ... - Journal of Instrumentation
    The United States has a rich history in high energy particle accelerators and colliders — both lepton and hadron machines, which have enabled several major discoveries in elementary particle physics. To ensure continued progress in the field, U.S. leadership as a key partner in building next generation collider facilities abroad is essential; also critically important is to prepare to host an energy frontier collider in the U.S. once the construction of the LBNF/DUNE project is completed. In this paper, we briefly discuss the ongoing and potential U.S. engagement in proposed collider projects abroad and present a number of future collidermore » options we have studied for hosting an energy frontier collider in the U.S. Further, we also call for initiating an integrated national R&D program in the U.S. now, focused on future colliders.« less

  6. Future accelerator projects: new physics at the energy frontier

    Canepa, Anadi ; D’Onofrio, Monica - Frontiers in Physics
    High-energy colliders provide direct access to the energy frontier, allowing to search for new physics at scales as high as the machine’s center-of-mass energy, perform precision measurements of the Standard Model (SM) parameters, including those related to the flavor sector, and determine the Higgs boson properties and their connection to electroweak symmetry breaking. Each proposed future collider option has its own specific science goals and capabilities, depending on the designed running energy (energies) amongst other parameters. In this paper, an overview of the discovery potential of future circular and linear colliders is presented. Results from searches for beyond the Standardmore » Model (BSM) phenomena at proton–proton, proton–electron, electron–positron, and muon–antimuon colliders are summarized.« less

  7. Challenges of Future Accelerators for Particle Physics Research

    Gourlay, Stephen ; Raubenheimer, Tor ; Shiltsev, Vladimir - Frontiers in Physics
    For over half a century, high-energy particle accelerators have been a major enabling technology for particle and nuclear physics research as well as sources of X-rays for photon science research in material science, chemistry and biology. Particle accelerators for energy and intensity Frontier research in particle and nuclear physics continuously push the accelerator community to invent ways to increase the energy and improve the performance of accelerators, reduce their cost, and make them more power efficient. The accelerator community has demonstrated imagination and creativity in developing a plethora of future accelerator ideas and proposals. The technical maturity of the proposedmore » facilities ranges from shovel-ready to those that are still largely conceptual. At this time, over 100 contributed papers have been submitted to the Accelerator Frontier of the US particle physics decadal community planning exercise known as Snowmass’2021. These papers cover a broad spectrum of topics: beam physics and accelerator education, accelerators for neutrinos, colliders for Electroweak/Higgs studies and multi-TeV energies, accelerators for Physics Beyond Colliders and rare processes, advanced accelerator concepts, and accelerator technology for Radio Frequency cavities (RF), magnets, targets and sources. This paper provides an overview of the present state of accelerators for particle physics and gives a brief description of some of the major facilities that have been proposed, their perceived advantages and some of the remaining challenges.« less

  8. Resolving combinatorial ambiguities in dilepton t t ¯ event topologies with neural networks

    Alhazmi, Haider ; Dong, Zhongtian ; Huang, Li ; ... - Physical Review D

  9. Circular attractors as heating mechanism in coherent electron cooling

    Seletskiy, S. ; Fedotov, A. ; Kayran, D. - Physical Review Accelerators and Beams

  10. Modeling of a chain of three plasma accelerator stages with the WarpX electromagnetic PIC code on GPUs

    Vay, J. -L. ; Huebl, A. ; Almgren, A. ; ... - Physics of Plasmas
    The fully electromagnetic particle-in-cell code WarpX is being developed by a team of the U.S. DOE Exascale Computing Project (with additional non-U.S. collaborators on part of the code) to enable the modeling of chains of tens to hundreds of plasma accelerator stages on exascale supercomputers, for future collider designs. The code is combining the latest algorithmic advances (e.g., Lorentz boosted frame and pseudo-spectral Maxwell solvers) with mesh refinement and runs on the latest computer processing unit and graphical processing unit (GPU) architectures. In this paper, we summarize the strategy that was adopted to port WarpX to GPUs, report on themore » weak parallel scaling of the pseudo-spectral electromagnetic solver, and then present solutions for decreasing the time spent in data exchanges from guard regions between subdomains. In Sec. IV, we demonstrate the simulations of a chain of three consecutive multi-GeV laser-driven plasma accelerator stages.« less
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